Valid passport.
Visa, if the home country of a visitor has not signed an agreement on visa-free relations; the visa can be obtained from Czech Republic representative authorities abroad.

The short-term (tourist) stay,
for which a passport and visa are sufficient, can last up to 180 days.

Long-term Stay in the Czech Republic:
Can be issued from abroad by diplomatic missions and consular offices of the Czech Republic; inside the Czech Republic permission is granted by the foreigners division of the police department. Can be issued for a period of one year only; the permission can be, however, repeatedly renewed.
A foreigner applying for a long-term stay is required to submit upon request: documents on the purpose of his/her stay, financial resources for the stay and accommodation, a copy of his/her crime record, and a certificate of health.

For more information about short & long term stays click here.